The association between pain and psychiatric conditions in adolescents: The impact of gender and ADHD diagnosis

Background and objectives The relationship between pain and psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents has been understudied. This study aimed to investigate the influence of gender on the association between pain and psychiatric diagnoses, as well as the specific relationship between pain and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in a sample of adolescents from the general population. Additionally, the study explored whether pain frequency or intensity in individuals with ADHD was influenced by coexisting psychiatric disorders and ADHD medications. Methods This cross-sectional study included 1608 conveniently sampled Swedish upper secondary school students aged 15–19 years. Data were collected at the end of 2020 using the electronic "Mental and Somatic Health without borders" survey. Results A significant positive association (p < 0.001) was observed between pain frequency, intensity, and the presence of any psychiatric diagnosis. Female adolescents reported more frequent and intensive pain in the groups with or without any psychiatric diagnosis and in those with ADHD, however the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis had a comparatively lesser impact on pain frequency in females when compared to males. In adolescents with ADHD, pain frequency, but not intensity, showed a significant further increase. Moreover, the presence of coexisting depression and/or anxiety further heightened the association between pain frequency and ADHD. Notably, common ADHD medications did not have a significant impact on pain experiences. Headache emerged as the most prevalent type of pain across all groups of adolescents. Back pain specifically appeared as the next most common type of pain among adolescents with ADHD. Conclusion The findings suggest a positive association between pain and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses, including ADHD, in adolescents. Gender modified this association. Back pain arised specifically coupled to ADHD. ... (AU)

Implicancias teórico-clínicas de las prácticas psicoterapéuticas feministas o con perspectiva de género en Chile / Theoretical-clinical implications of feminist or gender-sensitive psychotherapeutic practices in Chile

Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender, mediante el análisis de 16 entrevistas semies-tructuradas, las implicancias teórico-clínicas del posicionamiento con perspectiva de género o feminista en la práctica psicoterapéutica contemporánea en Chile, desde la perspectiva de consultantes y psicoterapeutas. Como resultados, se observa que el valor de esta psicoterapia radica en entregar una lectura sociocultural del malestar generizado. Sin embargo, quienes consultan reproducen estereotipos de género al elegir este enfoque a propósito del género fe-menino de la psicoterapeuta, pues consideran que habría un mayor entendimiento “por ser mu-jer”, lo cual les garantizaría un espacio seguro, libre de juicios y revictimización. Se destaca que las intervenciones de este enfoque tienen un componente político que favorece el trabajo de la desculpabilización de las consultantes. Esto resulta favorable en ciertos casos, pero po-dría obstaculizar el abordaje y reconocimiento de aquellas características singulares del sujeto que inciden en el sufrimiento y trascienden la certeza ideológica. (AU)

This article aims to understand, through 16 semi-structured interviews analysis, the theoreti-cal-clinical implications of the gender or feminist perspective in contemporary psychothera-peutic practice in Chile, from the perspective of consultants and psychotherapists. As a result, it is observed that the value of this psychotherapy lies in providing a sociocultural reading of gendered discomfort. However, those who consult reproduce gender stereotypes by choosing this approach due to the female gender of the psychotherapist, as they consider that there would be a better understanding “because of her being a woman”, which would guarantee them a safe space, free of judgments and revictimization. It should be noted that the inter-ventions of this approach have a political component that favors the work of disempowerment of the consultants. This is favorable in certain cases but could hinder the approach and recog-nition of those unique characteristics that affect particularsuffering in every case and trans-cend ideological certainty. (AU)

Spanish adaptation of the Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (GVHR): Factorial Structure and Relationship with Health Variables

The aim of the present study was to conduct a preliminary study of the Stanford Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (GVHR) adapted to the Spanish population, testing its factor structure, sex factorial invariance and relationship with health variables. Participants were 438 adults between 19–73 years old (M = 31.90, SD = 12.12) who completed the GVHR and measures of health-related quality of life, psychological health, and health-risk behaviors. The confirmatory factorial analysis of the GVHR indicated an acceptable fit to the 7-factor structure as proposed for the North American population. Emotional intelligence and independence factors had low internal consistency, therefore, a five-factor model was tenable in the Spanish population. Sex scalar invariance was tenable, indicating that the factors latent means can be meaningfully compared across sex. Univariate logistic regressions indicated that women reported worse mental and physical health and more health limitations, but this effect dissipated when gender variables were considered. Caregiver and work strain stood out as the variables related to gender that predicted worse health-related quality of life, psychological health, and health-risk behaviors. In conclusion, factorial structure of the GVHR may differ from one culture to another. Additionally, the variables related to gender in the GVHR give a better account of the differences in health compared to biological sex. (AU)

Estrés relacionado con el trabajo y sintomatología mental en personas trabajadoras: Un análisis de género / Work-related stress and mental symptoms in working people: A gender analysis

El objetivo fue analizar el estrés laboral de mujeres y hombres con empleo y categorías laborales y demográficas similares, estudiando su asociación con la sintomatología mental. Estudio exploratoriodescriptivo y transversal con una muestra de conveniencia formada por 2643 personas con empleo y edades entre 18 y 64 años de las cuales el 54.3% son hombres y el 45.7% mujeres. Todas fueron evaluadas mediante cinco autoinformes y una hoja de recogida de datos sociodemográficos y de usos del tiempo. Resultados: El 67.5% de los hombres y el 66.5% de las mujeres tuvo algún tipo de estrés relacionado con el trabajo, no existiendo diferencias entre mujeres y hombres en ninguna de las medidas de estrés laboral, en insatisfacción con el rol laboral, ni en la asociación entre el estrés laboral y la sintomatología mental, asociación que era muy baja en mujeres y en hombres. Las mujeres tenían más estrés crónico no laboral y mayores contrariedades diarias que los hombres, además de mayor sintomatología mental de ansiedad, depresión grave, somática y de disfunción social. Asimismo, dedicaban más tiempo a las tareas domésticas y de cuidado y menos al ocio y a las actividades físico-deportivas que los hombres. Conclusiones: los resultados evidenciaron que el rol laboral no supone amenazas específicas para la salud mental de las mujeres con empleo, aunque sí parecen suponerlas su mayor dedicación a las tareas domésticas y de cuidado. Los resultados del presente trabajo son relevantes para el diseño de políticas y programas destinados a fomentar la salud de la ciudadanía y al logro de mayor igualdad de género(AU)

The objective was to analyze work stress in women and men with similar occupation and demographic categories, studying its association with mental symptomatology. Exploratory-descriptive and cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 2643 employed persons aged 18 to 64 years, 54.3% of whom were men and 45.7% women. All were assessed by five self-reports and a sociodemographic and time-use data collection sheet. Results: 67.5% of the men and 66.5% of the women had some type of work-related stress. There were no differences between women and men in any of the measures of work stress, in dissatisfaction with the work role, or in the association between work stress and mental symptomatology, association that was very low in both women and men. Women had more chronic non-work stress and greater daily hassles than men, as well as greater symptomatology of anxiety, severe depression, somatic and social dysfunction. In addition, they spent more time on housework and caregiving and less time on leisure and physical-sports activities than men. Conclusions: the results show that the work role does not pose specific threats to the mental health of working women, although their greater dedication to domestic and caregiving tasks does seem to do so. The results of this study are relevant for the design of policies and programs aimed at promoting the health of citizens and achieving greater gender equality(AU)

Saberes intactos, saberes en contacto. Una revisión feminista del significado del contacto en los debates contemporáneos sobre las relaciones clínicas / From “intact knowledge” to “knowledge in contact”. A feminist review of the meaning of “contact” in contemporary debates about clinical relationships

En la última década, profesionales de la biomedicina han propuesto varios modelos que parecen plantear un papel renovado y esperanzador para las y los pacientes en las relaciones clínicas. Se trata del modelo de paciente inteligente (“smart patient”) y de otras propuestas procedentes de corrientes humanizadoras de la medicina. En este artículo analizo críticamente el modelo del “smart patient” como un ensamblaje histórico contemporáneo que refleja una tendencia aparentemente positiva en la biomedicina: la revalorización del “contacto” entre profesionales y pacientes, y el fomento de la participación y educación de estas últimas para estar mejor informadas y digitalizadas. Sin embargo, ¿implica esta puesta en valor del contacto una transformación de los saberes expertos? Tomando como guía esta pregunta, en este artículo analizo los límites de los modelos emergentes, y aporto una relectura basada en la perspectiva del contacto. Para ello contrasto dichos modelos, que mantienen los saberes profesionales epistémicamente intactos, con el enfoque de dos trabajos clásicos de la antropología feminista, publicados hace dos décadas, y que abordan críticamente la llamada “Evidence-Based Obstetrics” (Obstetricia Basada en la Evidencia), poniéndolos en diálogo con lecturas fenomenológicas que trascienden una visión del cuerpo basada en el binomio generizado cuerpo / mente. El objetivo es abordar la clínica como una zona de contacto que hay que entender en contextos (g)locales específicos. Este análisis presenta un valor crítico para el presente pues permite argumentar a favor de encuentros ‒entre profesionales, pacientes y organizaciones‒ asentados sobre reequilibrios epistémicos; yendo más allá de modelos de relación que excluyen los conocimientos y experiencias de quienes padecen y con la finalidad de preservar intacto el papel único de los saberes biomédicos.(AU)

In the last decade, medical professionals have proposed an apparently renewed and hopeful role for patients in their relationship with professionals, namely the “smart patient” model and other proposals coming from humanizing medical trends. In this article, I critically analyze the “smart patient” model as a contemporary historical assemblage that reflects an apparent trend in biomedicine: the revaluation of “contact”, between professionals and patients, and the promotion of patient participation and education to be better informed. However, does this enhancement of contact implies, within the relationship, a transformation of the consideration of biomedical expert knowledge? To answer this question, I analyze the limits of emerging models, and I provide a rereading of the contact perspective. I contrast this perspective with the approach of two classic works of feminist anthropology, published two decades ago, and which critically address the so-called “Evidence-Based Obstetrics”. I will put these works into dialogue with phenomenological readings that transcend a vision of the body based on the gendered binary body / mind. These dialogues will allow me to delve into the proposal to analyze the clinic as a space for the creation of “contact zones” in specific (g)local contexts. This analysis has a critical value for the present. It will also allow me to argue in favor of encounters ‒between transdisciplinary professional teams, patients and organizations- that look for an epistemic rebalancing that embraces the experiential knowledge of those who suffer. These encounters I am proposing do not leave medical knowledge intact.(AU)

A. K. Wollstonecraft: una ilustradora botánica del siglo XIX en la isla de Cuba. Principales datos biográficos y una aproximación a su obra Specimens of the plants and fruits of the Island of Cuba (1826) / A. K. Wollstonecraft: a botanical illustrator from the 19th century on the island of cuba. Main biographical notes and an approximation to her work specimens of the plants and fruits of the island of cuba (1826)

Nancy Anne Kingsbury Wollstonecraft nació en octubre de 1781. Los primeros datos que tenemos sobre ella la sitúan en Estados Unidos, desde donde viajaría a Matanzas (Cuba), residiendo varios años allí y trabajando en una gran obra de botánica ilustrada, hasta su muerte, el 16 de mayo de 1828. La obra de Nancy Anne Kingsbury Wollstonecraft -a partir de ahora, A. K. Wollstonecraft- comprende observaciones sobre más de cien especies vegetales de la Isla de Cuba, datos sobre la etimología de su nomenclatura, usos y aplicaciones de las plantas, así como datos sobre los hechos históricos que la rodean y sus propias reflexiones personales. Esto convierte a esta obra en un manuscrito extraordinario que transita entre la ciencia, el arte y el relato de viajes. En este artículo se presentan las principales referencias de los datos biográficos conocidos hasta el momento y un análisis introductorio a su obra botánica ilustrada.(AU)

Nancy Anne Kingsbury Wollstonecraft was born in October 1781. The first information we have about her places her in the United States, where she would travel to Matanzas (Cuba), residing there for several years and working on a great manuscript on illustrated botany, until her death. death, May 16, 1828. The work of Nancy Anne Kingsbury Wollstonecraft -A. K. Wollstonecraft- includes observations on more than one hundred types of plants on the Island of Cuba through botanical classification, it also includes data on the etymology of its nomenclature, uses and applications, and data on the historical facts that surrounding their own personal reflections; which makes this work an extraordinary manuscript that travels through science, art, and travelogues. This paper explores the main references of the biographical data known to date and an introductory analysis of her illustrated botanical work.(AU)

Destransición de género: Una revisión crítica de la literatura / Gender detransition: a critical review of the literature

Introducción. La destransición de género es el acto de detenero revertir los cambios sociales, médicos y/o administrativos conseguidos durante un proceso de transición de género. Se trata de un fenómeno emergente de gran interés a nivel clínico y social. Método. Se condujo una búsqueda sistemática en siete bases de datos entre 2010 y 2022, se rastrearon manualmente las referencias de los artículos y se consultaron libros especializados. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo y de contenido. Resultados. Se incluyeron 138 registros, 37% correspondientes a estudios empíricos y 38,4% publicados en 2021. Se identifican al menos ocho términos para hacer referencia a la destransición, con diferencias en sus definiciones. La prevalencia difiere en función del criterio utilizado, siendo menor para la destransición/arrepentimiento (0-13,1%) que para la descontinuación de la asistencia/tratamiento médico (1,9%-29,8%),y menor para la destransición/arrepentimiento tras cirugía (0-2,4%) que para la destransición/arrepentimiento tras tratamiento hormonal (0-9,8%). Se describen más de 50 factores psicológicos, médicos y socioculturales que influyen en la decisión de destransicionar, así como 16 factores predictores/asociados a la destransición. No se encuentran guías de abordaje sanitario ni legislativo. Los debates actuales se centran en los interrogantes sobre la naturaleza de la disforia de género y el desarrollo de la identidad, el papel de los profesionales con respecto al acceso a los tratamientos médicos y el impacto de las destransiciones sobre la futura accesibilidad a dichos tratamientos. Conclusiones. La destransición de género es una realidad compleja, heterogénea, poco estudiada y escasamente comprendida. Se requiere un abordaje y estudio sistemático que permita comprender su prevalencia real, implicaciones y manejo a nivel sanitario. (AU)

Introduction. Gender detransition is the act of stoppingor reversing the social, medical, and/or administrative changesachieved during a gender transition process. It is an emergingphenomenon of significant clinical and social interest.Methods. We systematically searched seven databasesbetween 2010 and 2022, manually traced article references,and consulted specialized books. Quantitative and contentanalyses were carried out.Results. We included 138 registers, 37% of which were empirical studies and 38.4% of which were published in 2021. Atleast eight terms related to detransition were identified, withdifferences in their definitions. Prevalence estimates differ according to the criteria used, being lower for detransition/regret (0-13.1%) than for discontinuation of care/medical treatment (1.9%-29.8%), and for detransition/regret after surgery(0-2.4%) than for detransition/regret after hormonal treatment (0-9.8%). More than 50 psychological, medical, and sociocultural factors influencing the decision to detransition and16 predictors/associated factors are described. No health orlegal guidelines are found. Current debates focus on the nature of gender dysphoria and identity development, the role ofprofessionals in accessing medical treatments, and the impactof detransition on future access to these treatments.Conclusions. Gender detransition is a complex, heterogeneous, under-researched, and poorly understood reality. Asystematic study and approach to the topic is needed to understand its prevalence, implications, and management from a healthcare perspective. (AU)

"A Liberdade é Terapêutica": psiquiatria democrática e o duplo revelado no pensamento de Franco e Franca Basaglia revisitada / "Freedom is Therapeutic": democratic psychiatry and the double revealed by Franco and Franca Basaglia's thought revisited

A psiquiatria democrática, como ficou conhecida, trabalho expresso na vida e na obra de Franco Basaglia e Franca Ongaro Basaglia, será revisitada neste artigo em seu caráter epistêmico. Defende-se, portanto, neste trabalho, que o moto A Liberdade é Terapêutica tem, além de um sentido terapêutico, também um sentido epistêmico. A fim de se defender essa tese, serão analisadas as críticas de Franco e Franca Basaglia à psiquiatria institucional, sob o contexto revisitado da literatura mais atualizada em Estudos de Ciências. O conceito de duplo, em geral, e o conceito de gênero, em particular, serão as ferramentas conceituais dessa análise. As perspectivas dos Estudos de Ciências, da Epistemologia Feminista e da historiografia mais recente e atualizada das ciências e da psicologia serão utilizadas para analisarmos os trabalhos de Franco e Franca Basaglia sob este novo ponto de vista.

The so-called democratic psychiatry, as expressed through the work and lives of Franco Basaglia and Franca Ongaro Basaglia, will be revisited in this paper in its epistemic feature. Therefore, it will be argued in this paper that the motto "Freedom is Therapeutic" has, besides its therapeutic meaning, an epistemic meaning as well. In order to argue for this thesis, the critiques made by Franco and Franca Basaglia to institutional psychiatry will be analyzed under the revisited context of the current, and most updated, literature in Science Studies. The concepts of "double", generally speaking, and of "gender", strictly speaking, will be some of the conceptual tools for this analysis. The perspectives from Science Studies, Feminist Epistemology, and the most recent and updated historiography of science and psychology will be made tools to analyze the works by Franco e Franca Basaglia under this new lens.

Las pioneras valencianas de la Psicología de las adicciones: legado académico y profesional / Valencian pioneers of the Psychology of addictions: academic and professional legacy

El siguiente artículo aspira a poner en valor y visibilizar la trayectoria de cinco mujeres valencianas referentes en el campo de la Psicología de las adicciones, prestando una atención especial a sus itinerarios vitales y trayectorias profesionales, así como documentando sus principales contribuciones al área con el objetivo de dar a conocer y reivindicar su legado. La metodología utilizada ha sido cualitativa a partir de entrevista semiestructurada de relato biográfico. Las protagonistas destacan que el desarrollo de las Autonomías permitió un mejor abordaje del tratamiento y la prevención de las adicciones con la organización y creación de recursos asistenciales y preventivos especializados; y potenció sobremanera la investigación sobre las bases neurobiológicas de la adicción. Autodidactas, nunca han dejado de formarse en la materia y reciclarse continuamente. Creen que hay que reforzar los contenidos en educación para la salud y reclaman más recursos humanos y económicos para la investigación, el tratamiento, la prevención y la inserción social. Consideran que en la actualidad habría que incidir en la prevención del uso abusivo de las nuevas tecnologías e Internet y el cannabis entre los más jóvenes, así como en la detección de las mujeres consumidoras solitarias de alcohol que tardan en acudir a los tratamientos. (AU)

The following article aims to showcase the trajectory of five leading Valencian women in the field of Psychology of addictions thus conferring visibility to them while paying special attention to their life stories and careers, documenting their main contributions to the area with the aim of claiming their legacy. Qualitative methodology was used based on a semi-structured biographical narrative. The protagonists emphasize that the development of the regional autonomies in Spain paved the way for a better approach to the treatment and prevention of addictions with the organization and creation of specialized care and preventive resources, and greatly enhanced research on the neurobiological bases of addiction. Self-taught, they have never stopped studying the subject and learning about it, and are continually recycling themselves. They believe that health education content must be strengthened and they demand more human and financial resources for research, treatment, prevention and social integration. They consider that at present it would be necessary to influence the prevention of the abusive use of new technologies, the Internet and cannabis among young people, as well as to detect female alcohol consumers who are late in coming to treatment. (AU)

Valencian pioneers of the Psychology of addictions: academic and professional legacy / Las pioneras valencianas de la Psicología de las adicciones: legado académico y profesional

The following article aims to showcase the trajectory of five leading Valencian women in the field of Psychology of addictions thus conferring visibility to them while paying special attention to their life stories and careers, documenting their main contributions to the area with the aim of claiming their legacy. Qualitative methodology was used based on a semi-structured biographical narrative. The protagonists emphasize that the development of the regional autonomies in Spain paved the way for a better approach to the treatment and prevention of addictions with the organization and creation of specialized care and preventive resources, and greatly enhanced research on the neurobiological bases of addiction. Self-taught, they have never stopped studying the subject and learning about it, and are continually recycling themselves. They believe that health education content must be strengthened and they demand more human and financial resources for research, treatment, prevention and social integration. They consider that at present it would be necessary to influence the prevention of the abusive use of new technologies, the Internet and cannabis among young people, as well as to detect female alcohol consumers who are late in coming to treatment. (AU)

El siguiente artículo aspira a poner en valor y visibilizar la trayectoria de cinco mujeres valencianas referentes en el campo de la Psicología de las adicciones, prestando una atención especial a sus itinerarios vitales y trayectorias profesionales, así como documentando sus principales contribuciones al área con el objetivo de dar a conocer y reivindicar su legado. La metodología utilizada ha sido cualitativa a partir de entrevista semiestructurada de relato biográfico. Las protagonistas destacan que el desarrollo de las Autonomías permitió un mejor abordaje del tratamiento y la prevención de las adicciones con la organización y creación de recursos asistenciales y preventivos especializados; y potenció sobremanera la investigación sobre las bases neurobiológicas de la adicción. Autodidactas, nunca han dejado de formarse en la materia y reciclarse continuamente. Creen que hay que reforzar los contenidos en educación para la salud y reclaman más recursos humanos y económicos para la investigación, el tratamiento, la prevención y la inserción social. Consideran que en la actualidad habría que incidir en la prevención del uso abusivo de las nuevas tecnologías e Internet y el cannabis entre los más jóvenes, así como en la detección de las mujeres consumidoras solitarias de alcohol que tardan en acudir a los tratamientos. (AU)

Implementación de la Política Nacional de Igualdad de Género en el Instituto Nacional de Salud / Implementation of the National Gender Equality Policy at the National Institute of Health

La Política Nacional de Igualdad de Género (PNIG) en Perú busca impulsar la equidad de género a nivel de toda la sociedad peruana y el Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) como entidad pública, se encuentra trabajando para integrar este enfoque en sus diferentes políticas y prácticas a fin de alcanzar una sociedad justa y democrática.

Mujeres hipnotizadoras, entre la femme fatale y la bruja en la ficción literaria de Arthur Conan Doyle / Hypnotizing women, between the femme fatale and the witch in Arthur Conan Doyle’s literary fiction

La historiografía sobre el mesmerismo y la hipnosis demuestra que hubo pocas mujeres que pusieran en práctica estos conocimientos. Así las cosas, la mujer que hipnotiza a un hombre se convierte en una revolucionaria, en un caso subversivo que da la vuelta no solo a una relación hipnótica clásica sino a una situación social e histórica de claro dominio patriarcal. En este trabajo analizo dos relatos de Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) protagonizados por mujeres hipnotizadoras: John Barrington Cowles (1884) y El parásito (1894). En el caso de John Barrington Cowles la mujer hipnotizadora está basada en el estereotipo literario y fílmico de la femme fatale, que será muy usado en diferentes formatos narrativos durante todo el siglo XX llegando a la actualidad; por otra parte, en el caso de El parásito la mujer hipnotizadora está mucho más cerca del estereotipo literario y folclórico de la bruja. En este sentido, apunto el papel fundamental que el estereotipo de mujer hipnotizadora tiene para los recientes estudios culturales de género. (AU)

The historiography on mesmerism and hypnosis shows that there were few women who put this knowledge into practice. In this sense, it is significant that there are few images of a woman hypnotizing a man and no images of a woman hypnotizing another woman. Thus, the woman who hypnotizes a man becomes a revolutionary, a subversive case that turns around not only a classic hypnotic relationship but also a social and historical situation of clear patriarchal domination. In this paper, I analyze two stories by Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930) featuring female hypnotists: John Barrington Cowles (1884) and The Parasite (1894). In the case of John Barrington Cowles, the hypnotizing woman is based on the literary and filmic stereotype of the femme fatale, which will appear in many different narrative formats throughout the 20th century up to the present day. In the case of The Parasite, however, the hypnotizing woman is much closer to the literary and folkloric stereotype of the witch. In this sense, I point out the fundamental role that the stereotype of the hypnotizing woman has played in recent cultural gender studies. (AU)

Una mirada de los impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 desde una perspectiva de género: La creación del Portal Pandemia y Género: Informe técnico 2023

El portal Pandemia y Género fue creado en 2020, con el objetivo de producir y sistematizar información relevante con perspectiva de género que muestre la diferencia del impacto de la pandemia en las mujeres y los varones en la vida cotidiana, en sus ocupaciones e ingresos, en el acceso a la salud y a la educación, y en su participación en la comunidad; y a la vez resulte en una herramienta que pueda contribuir a una toma de decisiones basadas en datos e información estadística. El informe describe cómo se creó y desarrolló el portal, su estructura, y la inclusión de indicadores. (AU)

Disparidade Racial na Assistência ao Câncer / Racial Disparity in Cancer Assistance / Disparidad Racial en la Asistencia al Cáncer

Embora o câncer atinja pessoas de todas as idades, raças, etnias e sexos, ele nem sempre as afeta igualmente. Diferenças na genética, hormônios, exposições ambientais e outros fatores podem levar a diferenças de risco entre grupos distintos de pessoas1. No entanto, deve-se ressaltar que, para além do impacto da doença, o impacto da assistência prestada ao paciente influencia diretamente nos defechos oncológicos, sejam eles positivos ou negativos. O país de origem, a identidade de gênero, a orientação sexual, a raça ou qualquer outro dado demográfico do paciente não deveria influenciar na taxa de sobrevida do câncer. Infelizmente, não é o que se vê, tendo em vista as disparidades na assistência ao câncer da maior parte da população brasileira. De acordo com o censo demográfico de 2022, os negros (a soma de pretos e pardos) representam 56% da população brasileira. No último 23 de outubro, os Ministérios da Saúde e da Igualdade Racial lançaram o Boletim Epidemiológico Saúde da População Negra (BESPN), que inclui dados de notificações de agravos e doenças relacionadas à população negra. Tais dados evidenciam o impacto do racismo como determinante social de saúde e expõem a vulnerabilização da população negra em relação ao acesso das políticas já existentes.

Brecha en matemáticas según sexo Caso: universitarios de Colombia / Lacuna entre os sexos em matemática. Caso: estudantes universitários colombianos / Gap in math by gender. Case: university students from Colombia

Resumen Se analiza la brecha por sexo en matemáticas (razonamiento cuantitativo) en universitarios de Colombia, con base en los resultados de las pruebas estatales de salida de la educación superior Saber Pro, 2018; incluyendo el factor regional. A partir de una modelación cuantílica y una descomposición Juhn-Murphy-Pierce; se identifica la existencia y persistencia de una brecha por sexo en el área evaluada, y diferencias entre las regiones Andina y Caribe. Se destaca: favorabilidad hacia los hombres; importancia de las características educativas e institucionales; importancia de las matemáticas de secundaria (explican cerca del 25% del diferencial); ampliación de la brecha en los cuartiles más altos; v) heterogeneidad regional de la brecha, ampliada por la interacción sexo-región.

Resumo A diferença de gênero em matemática (raciocínio quantitativo) entre estudantes universitários na Colômbia é analisada, com base nos resultados dos exames de saída do ensino superior estadual Saber Pro 2018, incluindo o fator regional. Com base na modelização de quantis e numa decomposição Juhn-Murphy-Pierce, identificamos a existência e persistência de uma diferença de gênero na área avaliada, bem como diferenças entre as regiões andinas e das Caraíbas. Destacam-se: favorabilidade em relação aos homens; importância das características educacionais e institucionais; importância da matemática secundária (explicando cerca de 25% do diferencial); alargamento da lacuna nos quartis mais altos; e heterogeneidade regional da lacuna, amplificada pela interação gênero-região.

Abstract The paper analyzes the gender gap in mathematics (quantitative reasoning) among Colombian university students, based on the results of the State higher education exit tests Saber Pro, 2018; including the regional factor. Based on a quantile modeling and a Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition, the study identifies the existence and persistence of a gender gap in the evaluated area and differences between the Andean and Caribbean regions. The most remarkable points include: favouring men; importance of educational and institutional characteristics; importance of secondary mathematics (accounting for about 25% of the differential); widening of the gap in the highest quartiles; and regional heterogeneity of the gap, widened by gender-region interaction.

Uma teoria psicológica transfeminista: sobrevivendo aos escombros da saúde mental brasileira / A transfeminist psychological theory: surviving the debris of brazilian mental health / Una teoría psicológica transfeminista: sobrevivir a los escombros de la salud mental brasileña

Este artigo reflete sobre os modos como a cisnormatividade, conceito impulsionado pelos transfeminismos, tem auxiliado na composição da psicologia de maneira histórica. Ao elaborar uma crítica sobre como a violência de gênero está expressivamente presente no território brasileiro, discute-se como tem sido pensada a saúde mental, esfera que, uma vez inserida nesse contexto mais amplo, está sendo convocada a produzir saídas criativas em relação aos sujeitos que são alvo de discriminações transfóbicas. Na busca de deslocar o olhar do indivíduo para o social, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico para investigar os diferentes impactos que a cisnormatividade opera em nossos currículos psicológicos, gerando efeitos na prática e na própria profissão. A aposta está em reconhecer outras epistemologias como projetos éticos e políticos a uma psicologia contemporânea, e a contribuição transfeminista a "outra" clínica. É nesse sentido que este trabalho se destina a pensar um modo de cuidado que esteja baseado na singularidade, mas que, ao mesmo tempo, seja capaz de dedicar alguma atenção ao paradigma normativo que nos guia como terapeutas.(AU)

This article reflects on the ways that cisnormativity, a concept boosted by transfeminisms, has played a historical role in the composition of psychology. Elaborating a criticism on how gender violence is expressively present in the Brazilian territory, we discuss how mental health is conceived, a sphere that, inserted in this wider context, is invited to create creative solutions related to the subjects who are the target of transphobic discrimination. Trying to shift the focus from the individual to the collective, a bibliographical study was conducted to recognize the different impacts that cisnormativity has in our psychological curriculums, having effects on the practice and on the profession itself. The goal is to recognize other epistemologies as ethical and political projects for contemporary psychology and the transfeminist contribution to "another" clinic. It is in this sense that this work aims to think about a form of care that is based on singularity, but that can also pay attention to the normative paradigm that guides us as therapists.(AU)

Este artículo reflexiona sobre las formas en que la cisnormatividad, un concepto impulsado por los transfeminismos, ha tenido un papel en la composición de la psicología de manera histórica. Al elaborar una crítica sobre como la violencia de género está expresamente presente en el territorio brasileño, se discute cómo se ha pensado la salud mental, dominio que, una vez insertado en este contexto más amplio, es convocado a producir soluciones creativas con relación a los sujetos que son objeto de discriminación transfóbica. Al desviar el enfoque del individuo hacia lo social, se realizó un estudio bibliográfico para investigar los diferentes impactos que tiene la cisnormatividad en nuestros planes de estudios psicológicos, generando efectos en la práctica y en la propia profesión. El foco está en reconocer otras epistemologías como proyectos éticos y políticos para la psicología contemporánea y la contribución transfeminista a una "otra" clínica. En este sentido, este trabajo pretende pensar en una forma de cuidado que se basa en la singularidad, al mismo tiempo que sea capaz de dedicar cierta atención al paradigma normativo que a nosotras nos guía como terapeutas.(AU)

Práticas de cuidado de parteiras tradicionais e obstetrizes: resistência, afetividade e subversão / Care practices of obstetricians and traditional midwives: resistance, affectivity, and subversion

Os movimentos pela humanização do parto e nascimento, há mais de 40 anos, vêm discutindo e lutando por mudanças nas práticas de cuidado dos profissionais na assistência ao parto normal. No entanto, o Brasil ainda é marcado por uma série de intervenções danosas na assistência às mulheres, o que causa prejuízos à saúde e a violação de seus direitos. Este trabalho é uma pesquisa qualitativa que realizou entrevistas em profundidade sobre práticas de cuidados de parteiras tradicionais e obstetrizes e analisou como elas têm construído e desenhado suas práticas como ato político de transformação social e na saúde. A análise foi construída a partir do marco teórico dos estudos de gênero e das perspectivas decoloniais de conhecimento, resultando nos eixos temáticos: resistência, afetividade e subversão.

The movements for the humanization of labor and birth, for over 40 years, have been discussing and fighting for changes in the care practices of professionals in normal delivery care. However, Brazil is still marked by a series of harmful interventions in the assistance to women, causing harm to health and violation of their right. This work is qualitative research that carried out in-depth interviews about care practices of obstetricians and traditional midwives and analyzed how they have constructed and designed their practices as a political act of social and health transformation. The analysis was constructed from the theoretical framework of gender studies and decolonial knowledge perspectives, resulting in the thematic axes: resistance, affectivity, and subversion.